"anno 1800-1899" . . "Kwaliteit van het bestaan." . . "Lebenshaltungskosten" . . "Lebenshaltungskosten." . "Europe" . . . . "Kongress (Arild ; 2000)" . . . . . . . "Aufsatzsammlung" . "Aufsatzsammlung"@en . . . . . . . "Living Standards in the Past New Perspectives on Well-Being in Asia and Europe"@en . . . . . . "Living standards in the past : new perspectives on Well-Being in Asia and Europe" . . . . . . . . "History" . "History"@en . . . . . . "Llibres electrònics" . . . "Why did Europe experience industrialisation and modern economic growth before China, India or Japan? This is one of the most fundamental questions in Economic History and one that has provoked intense debate. The main concern of this book is to determine when the gap in living standards between the East and the West emerged. The established view, dating back to Adam Smith, is that the gap emerged long before the Industrial Revolution, perhaps thousands of years ago. While this view has been called into question - and many of the explanations for it greatly undermined - the issue demands much more empirical research than has yet been undertaken. How did the standard of living in Europe and Asia compare in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? The present book proposes an answer by considering evidence of three sorts. The first is economic, focusing on income, food production, wages, and prices. The second is demographic, comparing heights, life expectancy and other demographic indicators. The third combines the economic and demographic by investigating the demographic vulnerability to short-term economic stress. The contributions show the highly complex and diverse pattern of the standard of living in the pre-industrial period. The general picture emerging is not one of a great divergence between East and West, but instead one of considerable similarities. These similarities not only pertain to economic aspects of standard of living but also to demography and the sensitivity to economic fluctuations. In addition to these similarities, there were also pronounced regional differences within the East and within the West - regional differences that in many cases were larger than the average differences between Europe and Asia. This clearly highlights the importance of analysing several dimensions of the standard of living, as well as the danger of neglecting regional, social, and household specific differences when assessing the level of well-being in the past." . . . . . . . "Living Standards in the Past: New Perspectives on Well-Being in Asia and Europe" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Why did Europe experience industrialisation and modern economic growth before China, India or Japan? This is one of the most fundamental questions in Economic History and one that has provoked intense debate. The main concern of this book is to determine when the gap in living standards between the East and the West emerged. The established view, dating back to Adam Smith, is that the gap emerged long before the Industrial Revolution, perhaps thousands of years ago. While this viewhas been called into question - and many of the explanations for it greatly undermined - the issue demands much mo."@en . . . . . . . . "Living standards in the past : new perspectives on well-being in Asia and Europe" . "Livres électroniques" . . . . "Electronic books"@en . "Living standards in the past new perspectives on well-being in Asia and Europe"@en . . "Comparing economic and demographic indicators of well-being in the pre-industrial period, this text suggests that there are considerable similarities in the standards of living between Europe and Asia before the Industrial Revolution." . . . . "Living standards in the past new perspectives on well-being in Asia and Europe" . "Electronic books" . . . . . . . . . "Electronic books." . . "Coût et niveau de la vie Asie Histoire Congrès." . . "Levensstandaard." . . "Cost and standard of living Asia History." . . "Cost and standard of living Europe History." . . "Geschichte" . . "Levnadsstandard historia Europa." . . "Àsia." . . "Asia" . "Geschiedenis van Europa." . . "niveau de vie Europe 17e s. / 18e s. [études diverses]" . . "Coste y nivel de vida Europa Historia." . . "Bevölkerungsentwicklung." . . "Levnadsstandard historia Asien." . . "Geschiedenis van Azië." . . "Business." . . "Asien" . . "Cost i nivell de vida Àsia Història." . . "Europa" . . "Coût et niveau de la vie Asie Histoire." . . "Geschichte 1600-1900." . . "Geschichte 1600-1900" . "Coût et niveau de la vie Europe Histoire." . . "BUSINESS & ECONOMICS Economics Macroeconomics." . . "Coste y nivel de vida Asia Historia." . . "anno 1600-1699" . . "Cost and standard of living." . . "Cost and standard of living" . "Cost de la vida." . . "Coût et niveau de la vie Europe Histoire Congrès." . . "Lebensstandard." . . "Lebensstandard" . "Europa." . . "anno 1700-1799" . . "Levestandard" . . "Lebenshaltungskosten Asien Geschichte 1800-1900 Aufsatzsammlung." . . "Oxford University Press" . . "Asien." . . "Asien" . "niveau de vie Asie 17e s. / 18e s. [études diverses]" . . "POLITICAL SCIENCE Economic Conditions." . . "Cost i nivell de vida Europa Història." . . "Nivell de vida." . . . . "Økonomisk historie" . . "Wirtschaftsentwicklung." . .