"Moyen-Orient" . . "Femmes Afrique du Nord Conditions sociales." . . . . "Women Africa, North Social conditions." . . "Femmes Moyen-Orient Conditions sociales." . . "Frauen" . . "Fiscal policy Africa, North." . . "Steuerpolitik" . . "Women Middle East Social conditions." . . "Afrique du Nord" . . "Women Middle East Economic conditions." . . "International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept" . . "MENA-Staaten" . . "Women Africa, North Economic conditions." . . "Politique fiscale Moyen-Orient." . . "Africa, North Social policy" . . "Fiscal policy Middle East." . . "Politique fiscale Afrique du Nord." . . "Africa, North" . . "Gleichberechtigung" . . "Taxation Middle East." . . "Femmes Afrique du Nord Conditions économiques." . . . . . . "Effects of Fiscal Policies on the Economic Development of Women in the Middle East and North Africa" . . . . . . . . . "Electronic books"@en . "Electronic books" . . . . . . "Livres électroniques" . . . . . . . . . . . . "The effects of fiscal policies on the economic development of women in the Middle East and North Africa" . "The effects of fiscal policies on the economic development of women in the Middle East and North Africa"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Statistics indicate that the economic and social development of women in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) compares unfavorably with most regions in the world. This paper assesses the influence of government expenditure and taxation policies on the economic and social welfare of women in the region. On the expenditure side, we test the explanatory power of public social spending in the determination of key female social indicators. We find that the relatively weak social outcomes for MENA women are not explained by the amount of government social spending, suggesting the answer lies in the efficiency and reach of present spending. With respect to taxation, the main issues in the literature on gender bias in taxation are highlighted and applied in a general manner to the MENA context. Some simple policy recommendations are suggested."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Middle East" . . "Middle East Social policy" . . "Impôt Afrique du Nord." . . "Öffentliche Sozialausgaben" . . "Femmes Moyen-Orient Conditions économiques." . . "Impôt Moyen-Orient." . . "Wirtschaftswachstum" . . "Sozialer Indikator" . . "Taxation Africa, North." . . "Wirtschaftswachstum / Frauen / Öffentliche Sozialausgaben / Sozialer Indikator / Steuerpolitik." . .