"Writing primarily for a British audience, American abolitionist James Birney argues in this 1842 essay that Protestant churches in the American South are complicit in sustaining slavery. First, they avoid condemning the institution as a whole, and they also allow individual church members to mistreat their slaves without censure. Birney was the son of a wealthy Kentucky slaveowner and at one time owned a large cotton plantation in Alabama. Over the years his views on slavery evolved toward gradual emancipationism and then total abolitionism. Birney published a Cincinnati anti-slavery newspaper, The Philanthropist, and ran twice for U.S. president as a candidate for the Liberty Party, an early forerunner of the Republican Party."@en

"The American churches the bulwarks of American slavery enlarged by a supplement"@en
"The American churches : the bulwarks of American slavery"@en
"American churches, the bulwarks of american slavery"@en
"The American churches, the bulwarks of American slavery : By an American"@en
"The American churches, the Bulwarks of American slavery"@en
"The American churches, the bulwarks of American slavery"@en
"The American churches, the bulwarks of American slavery"
"American churches the bulwarks of American slavery"
"The American churches, the bulwarks of American slavery by an American"@en
"The American churches, the bulwarks of American slavery. : By an American"@en
"The American churches: the bulwarks of American slavery"
"The American churches: the bulwarks of American slavery"@en
"The American churches the bulwarks of American slavery"
"The American churches the bulwarks of American slavery"@en

The American churches the bulwarks of American slavery enlarged by a supplement