Peripheral and whole-body cold acclimatization in Antarctic scuba divers
Analysis of variance (Group x Trial x Time) indicated significant but Group x Trial interactions (p $<$ 0.05) in mean digit temperature during the peripheral tests and in mean rectal and mean skin temperatures and mean heart rate during the whole-body tests. From the first to fourth trial, the BWT group demonstrated increased digit, rectal and mean skin temperatures and heart rate (+0.53, +0.25 and +0.64$\sp\circ$C and +5.5 bpm). Conversely, the ACE group demonstrated decreased mean digit and rectal temperatures, increased mean skin temperature and decreased mean heart rate ($-$0.83, $-$0.16 and +0.36$\sp\circ$C and $-$6.0 bpm, respectively). This interaction must be interpreted cautiously since single group analysis was unable to confirm significant main effects of Trial in either group. BWT group changes were consistent with cold-sensitized increases in metabolic response to cold stress, probably largely due to the bi-weekly cold testing exposures.
"Analysis of variance (Group x Trial x Time) indicated significant but Group x Trial interactions (p $<$ 0.05) in mean digit temperature during the peripheral tests and in mean rectal and mean skin temperatures and mean heart rate during the whole-body tests. From the first to fourth trial, the BWT group demonstrated increased digit, rectal and mean skin temperatures and heart rate (+0.53, +0.25 and +0.64$\sp\circ$C and +5.5 bpm). Conversely, the ACE group demonstrated decreased mean digit and rectal temperatures, increased mean skin temperature and decreased mean heart rate ($-$0.83, $-$0.16 and +0.36$\sp\circ$C and $-$6.0 bpm, respectively). This interaction must be interpreted cautiously since single group analysis was unable to confirm significant main effects of Trial in either group. BWT group changes were consistent with cold-sensitized increases in metabolic response to cold stress, probably largely due to the bi-weekly cold testing exposures."@en
"ACE group changes were most consistent with cold-habituated reductions in metabolic response to cold stress, likely due to the more chronic pattern of their cold exposure. The subtle nature of the changes experienced by the Antarctic group suggest that they will have little effect on their operational performance."@en
"The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the cold exposure associated with polar scuba diving operations could result in measurable cold acclimatization in humans. Antarctic-cold-exposed (ACE) subjects (n = 4; male) lived in semi-permanent structures in an isolated field camp (77$\sp\circ$S 163$\sp\circ$E) during the austral spring, conducting 4.9 $\pm$ 0.6 (4.3-5.9) dives per week for biological research (water $-1.9\sp\circ$C; air $-$36.7 to $-5.8\sp\circ$C). Matched bi-weekly-tested (BWT) subjects remained in the U.S. throughout the study period (autumn). Physiological responses to standardized peripheral (30 min digit immersion, 4$\sp\circ$C water bath) and whole-body (90 min air exposure, 5$\sp\circ$C, supine, rest) cold tests were evaluated at two week intervals for six weeks."@en
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