"Parteiensystem." . . "demokrati" . . "Systèmes électoraux." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Electoral systems and party systems : A study of twenty-seven democracies, 1945-1990" . . . . . . . . . "Electoral systems and party systems a study of twenty-seven democracies, 1945-1990" . "Electoral systems and party systems a study of twenty-seven democracies, 1945-1990"@en . . . . "An electoral system is the most fundamental element of representative democracy, translating citizen's votes into representative's seats. It is also the most potent practical instrument available to democratic reformers. This systematic and comprehensive study describes and classifies the 70 electoral systems used by 27 democracies - including those of Western Europe, Australia, Canada, the USA, Costa Rica, India, Israel, Japan, and New Zealand - for 384 national legislative and European Parliament elections between 1945 and 1990. Using comparative and statistical analyses of these systems, Arend Lijphart demonstrates the effect of the electoral formula used, the number of representatives elected per district, electoral thresholds, and five other key features of electoral systems on the proportionality of the election outcome, the degree of multipartism, and the creation of majority parties. In the process he reveals that electoral systems are neither as diverse nor as complex as is often assumed. Electoral Systems and Party Systems represents the most definitive treatment of the subject since Rae's classic study in 1967, based as it is on more accurate and comprehensive data (covering more countries and a longer time-span), and using stronger hypotheses and better analytical methods. The unique information and analysis it offers will make it essential reading for everyone working in the field." . "An electoral system is the most fundamental element of representative democracy, translating citizen's votes into representative's seats. It is also the most potent practical instrument available to democratic reformers. This systematic and comprehensive study describes and classifies the 70 electoral systems used by 27 democracies - including those of Western Europe, Australia, Canada, the USA, Costa Rica, India, Israel, Japan, and New Zealand - for 384 national legislative and European Parliament elections between 1945 and 1990. Using comparative and statistical analyses of these systems, Arend Lijphart demonstrates the effect of the electoral formula used, the number of representatives elected per district, electoral thresholds, and five other key features of electoral systems on the proportionality of the election outcome, the degree of multipartism, and the creation of majority parties. In the process he reveals that electoral systems are neither as diverse nor as complex as is often assumed. Electoral Systems and Party Systems represents the most definitive treatment of the subject since Rae's classic study in 1967, based as it is on more accurate and comprehensive data (covering more countries and a longer time-span), and using stronger hypotheses and better analytical methods. The unique information and analysis it offers will make it essential reading for everyone working in the field."@en . . . . . . . . . "Electoral systems and party systems : a study of twenty-seven democracies ; 1945 - 1990" . . . . . . "Electronic books"@en . . "Electoral systems and party systems : a study of twenty-seven democracies, 1945-1990" . . . "Electoral systems and party systems : a study of twenty-seven democracies, 1945-1990"@en . . . . . . "Electoral sytems and party systems : a study of twenty seven democracies : 1945-1990" . . . . . . . . . . . "Electoral systems and party systems : a study of twenty-seven demnocracies : 1945-1990" . . . "Electoral systems and party systems : a study of twenty-seven democracies : 1945-1990" . "This text provides a systematic and comprehensive study of 70 electoral systems used by 27 democracies, including those of Western Europe, Australia, Canada, the USA, Costa Rica, India, Israel, Japan and New Zealand." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Electoral systems and party systems a study of twenty-seven democracies 1945-1990" . . . . . "Ressources Internet" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Electoral Systems and Party Systems : a Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies 1945-1990" . . "Electoral systems and party systems : a study of twenty-seven democracies 1945-1990" . . . . . . . . . . "Electoral Systems & Party Systems: A Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies, 1945-1990" . . . . . . "Élections." . . "Elections." . "ELECTIONS." . "Predstavniška demokracija." . . "Wahlsystem." . . "Strankarski sistemi." . . "partisystemer" . . "Elecciones." . . "Politikai párt fejlett országok." . . "Politična stranka." . . "Representative democracy." . . "1945-1990." . . "Partis politiques Études comparatives." . . "Sistema electoral Europa." . . "20e siècle" . . "Primerjalna analiza." . . "Volilni sistemi." . . "Governs comparats." . . "Election." . . "Élection." . "Vergelijkend onderzoek." . . "Partis politiques." . . "Démocratie Études comparatives." . . "Sistema Partidario, Analise Comparativa." . . "Comparative government." . . "Institutions politiques comparées." . . "Volilni sistem." . . "Système électoral Etudes comparatives." . . "valgmetoder" . . "Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques." . . "Electoral system." . . "Politieke partijen." . . . . "Democracia." . . "Választási rendszer fejlett országok." . . "Political party." . . "Election systems." . . "ELECTION LAW." . . "Eleicoes." . . "Political parties." . . "POLITICAL PARTIES." . "Instituciones políticas comparadas." . . "Comparative analysis." . . "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." . "Gobierno comparado." . . "Elezioni." . . "Élections Études comparatives." . . "Vergleich." . . "Partidos políticos." . . "Partidos politicos." . "1945-1990" . . "Party systems." . . "Demokratie." . . "Politične stranke." . . "Volitve." . . "Analyse comparative." . . "Partidos políticos Europa." . . "Internationaler Vergleich." . . "Geschichte." . . "Système électoral." . . "Histoire." . . "UE/CE Etats membres." . . "parti politique politique comparée système électoral 1945 / 1990." . . "Partits polítics." . . "Gobiernos comparados." . . "Governo - Comparazione." . . "Eleccions." . . "Parti politique." . . "Gouvernement (science politique)" . . "Sistema Eleitoral, Analise Comparativa." . . "Geschichte 1945-1990." . . "Kiesstelsels." . . "Partiti." . .