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Chemistry made easy

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  • "Theory of inorganic chemistry"@en

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  • "Volume 1: Chemistry is the study of matter. Science measures in its awn units. Chemical change is the basics of chemistry. Air is a mixture. Oxygen, like all other gases, obeys certain laws. Hydrogen is the lightest element. Oxygen and hydrogen form two compouns, water and hydrogen peroxide. Substances are made of moving particles. Symbols, formulas and equations are convenient abbreviations. Per cent figures mean parts per hundred. Chemical calculations depend on balanced equations. A chemical laboratory requires special equipament. Solutions are often described in terms of the amount of dissolved substance present. Some solutions conduct an electric current. Elements show a periodic relationship. Acids and alkalies are chemical opposites. The amount of acid or alkali in solution is determined by titration. The ph value of a solution shows the amount of active acid or active alkali present. The ph value of a solution can be determined colorimetrically. The ph value of a on can be determined electrometrically. Salts are common substances. Oxidation is accompanied by reduction. Volume 2: Chlorine is an active nonmetal. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine are halogens. Sulfur forms many types of compounds. Nitrogen compounds are a part of all living matter. Phosphorus may make food or poison. Carbon forms oxides of carbon and carbonic acid. The oxide of silicon in sand. Metals are conveniently arranged in an electromotive series. Sodium is the leading alkali metal. Potassium is much like sodium. Ammonium compounds resemble those of alkali metals. Barium, strontium and calcium are alkaline earth metals. Magnesium is a light metal. Aluminum comes from bauxite. Zinc forms the only white sulfide. Chromium is a serviceable plating material. Iron and steel are basic constructional materials. Nickel is used mainly in alloys. Tin is highly malleable. Lead forms useful oxides. Arsenic and antimony, metals or nonmetals? Copper is a good conductor of electricity. Mercury is th only liquid metal. Silver is classed with the precious metals. Platinum is nonreactive. Gold has to be alloyed to make it useful. Radioctive elements changeautomatically into different elements. Colloids are submicroscopic. Volume 3: Part I: Aliohatic compounds: Organic chemistry deals with hydrocarbons and their beginning of a homologous series. Unsaturated compounds contain double or triple bonds. Hydrocarbons form halogen derivatives. Alcohols contain the hydroxil group. Aldehydes and ketones contain a carbonyl group. Acids contain the carboxyl group. Esters are like organic salts with an alkyl group in place of a metal. Ethers are oxides with hydrocarbon radicals. Amines and amides are organic derivatives of ammonia. Alkyl cyanides and cyano compounds contain the nitrile group. Many sulfur compounds have a bad odor. Acetoacetic ester has two forms, or is tautomeric. Some hydroxy acids are optically active. Carbohydrates are compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Part II: Aromatic compounds: The simplest cyclic hydrocarbon is benzene. Benzene forms halogen derivatives and alcohols. Toluene and xylene are alkyl derivatives of benzene. Nitro compoundscontain the-NO2 group. Amines contain the-NH2 group. Azo dyes are prepared with the aid of diazonium salts. Cyclic carbonyl compounds include aldehydes, ketones and quinones. Cyclic acids carry a carboxyl group on the nucleus. Phenols carry a hydroxyl group on the nucleus. Many cyclic compounds have complex structures. Ethers are nonreactive. Naphthalene is a double ring compouns. Anthalene and anthraquinone contain three rings. Many compounds contain atoms other than carbon in the ring. Proteins contain amino acids. Vitamins are essential food elements. Volume 4: Inorganic acids. Bases or alkalies. Sodium salts of inorganic acids. Potassium salts of inorganic acids. Sodium and potassium saltsof organic acids. Ammonium and lithium compounds. Calcium compounds. Barium, strontium and magnesium compounds. Compounds of nickel, cobalt, magnese and zinc. Compounds of aluminum, chromium and iron. Arsenic, antimony and tin. Copper, cadmium and bismuth. Lead, silver, gold and mercury. Miscellaneous metals and compounds. Carbon and miscellaneous nonmetls with their oxides and related compounds. Hydrocarbons, other than those from petroleum, and their simple halogen derivatives. Petroleum hydrocarbons and related products. Alcohols. Phenols and their derivatives. Aldehydes and ketones and their derivatives. Organic acids and closely related compounds. Amines, nitro compounds, and various organic nitrogen derivatives. Esters. Fats and fatty oils. Waxes. Ethers. Organic dyes. Toners, lakes and reduced colors. Natural plant products."

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  • "Chemistry made easy"@en
  • "Chemistry made easy"
  • "Fundamentos de Química aplicada"@es
  • "Fundamentos de química aplicada"

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