"Protein Biosynthesis." . . . . "Ribosomal Proteins." . . "Ribosomes." . . . . . . . . . "Audio-visual presentation: Ribosomes and translation -- Molecular composition of the ribosome -- Why is the ribosome so big? -- The mRNA channel in the 30S subunit -- Positions of tRNA in the A-, P- and E-sites -- Structural dynamics of the ribosome during translocation -- The hybrid states elongation cycle -- tRNA binding during its movement through the ribosome -- The 70S ribosome -- Distortion of tRNA structure by the ribosome -- The ratchet model -- Cryo-EM experiment -- Inferred relationship between ratcheting and hybrid states -- FRET changes -- Intersubunit movement -- Testing the ratchet model for translocation -- Translocation assay -- What defines the mechanism of translocation -- Sparsomycin -- The energetics of translocation -- E-site tRNA -- The ribosome is a molecular machine."@en . "Translocation movement of tRNA and mRNA through the ribosome"@en .