. . "Power resources Subsidies." . . "Energy policy." . . "International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Department." . . "Energy security." . . "Taxation." . . . . "This paper provides a comprehensive, updated picture of energy subsidies at the global and regional levels. It focuses on the broad notion of post-tax energy subsidies, which arise when consumer prices are below supply costs plus a tax to reflect environmental damage and an additional tax applied to all consumption goods to raise government revenues. Post-tax energy subsidies are dramatically higher than previously estimated, and are projected to remain high. These subsidies primarily reflect under-pricing from a domestic (rather than global) perspective, so even unilateral price reform is in countries' own interests. The potential fiscal, environmental and welfare impacts of energy subsidy reform are substantial.--Abstract."@en . . . "Electronic books"@en . "This paper provides a comprehensive, updated picture of energy subsidies at the global andregional levels. It focuses on the broad notion of post-tax energy subsidies, which arise whenconsumer prices are below supply costs plus a tax to reflect environmental damage and anadditional tax applied to all consumption goods to raise government revenues. Post-taxenergy subsidies are dramatically higher than previously estimated, and are projected toremain high. These subsidies primarily reflect under-pricing from a domestic (rather thanglobal) perspective, so even unilateral price reform is in countr."@en . . . . . . . "How large are global energy subsidies?"@en . . . . . . "How Large Are Global Energy Subsidies?"@en . "International finance." . .