"USA." . . "Agenzie di pubblicità e afroamericani." . . "Consommateurs noirs américains." . . "Werbung." . . "African Americans and mass media." . . "African Americans and mass media" . "Noirs américains et médias." . . "Schwarze." . . "Noirs américains Dans la publicité États-Unis." . . . . "Afroamericani nella pubblicità." . . "Publicité États-Unis Histoire." . . "African American consumers." . . "African American consumers" . "Publicité États-Unis." . . "Advertising" . . "African Americans in advertising." . . "African Americans in advertising" . "Noirs américains Dans les médias États-Unis." . . "Massenmedien." . . "United States" . . "HISTORY / United States / 20th Century" . . "Advertising / United States / History." . . "Advertising United States History." . "Noirs américains dans la publicité." . . . . . . . . . . . . . "History" . "\"For much of the twentieth century, even as advertisers chased African American consumer dollars, the doors to most advertising agencies were firmly closed to African American professionals. Over time, black participation in the industry resulted from the combined efforts of black media, civil rights groups, black consumers, government organizations, and black advertising and marketing professionals working outside white agencies. Blacks positioned themselves for jobs within the advertising industry, especially as experts on the black consumer market, and then used their status to alter stereotypical perceptions of black consumers. By doing so, they became part ofthe broader effort to build an African American professional and entrepreneurial class and to challenge the negative portrayals of blacks in American culture.\" \"Using an extensive review of advertising trade journals, government documents, and organizational papers, as well as personal interviews and the advertisements themselves, Jason Chambers weaves individual biographies together with broader events in U.S. history to tell how blacks struggled to bring equality tothe advertising industry.\"--Memento." . . . . . . . . . . "Madison Avenue and the color line : African Americans in the advertising industry" . "Madison Avenue and the color line : African Americans in the advertising industry"@en . . . . . "Madison Avenue and the Color Line : African Americans in the Advertising Industry" . . . . . . . . . . . . "African Americans in the advertising industry" . "African Americans in the advertising industry"@en . . . "Madison Avenue and the color line African Americans in the advertising industry" . "Electronic books" . . . "Madison Avenue and the Color Line African Americans in the Advertising Industry"@en . "Madison Avenue and the Color Line African Americans in the Advertising Industry" . . . . . . . . "Chambers, Jason." . .