"This paper argues that the minimal political participation of women in Japan before World War II was determined by systematic state policies aimed at rapid industrialization, rather than by the mere persistence of premodern values and attitudes in society. In particular the Public Peace Police Law of 1900, which barred women from attending political meetings until 1922 and from joining political organizations until 1945, is examined in terms of its promulgation, ideology, and enforcement. The law was aimed first of all at textile workers, who were over 50 percent female and essential to the success of Japan's industrialization and export promotion. While attempting to bar women from political participation and self-interested demands, the state actively promoted their new social roles in factory labor and in educated motherhood and social service."
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