http://worldcat.org/entity/work/id/40851243

Parking requirement impacts on housing affordability

Current zoning laws and development standards require generous parking supply at most destinations, forcing people who purchase or rent housing to pay for parking regardless of their needs. Generous parking requirements reduce housing affordability and impose various economic and environmental costs on society. Based on typical affordable housing evelopment costs, one parking space per unit increases costs by about 12.5%, and two parking spaces increase costs by about 25%. Since parking costs increase as a percentage of rent for lower priced housing, housing represents a larger portion of household expenditures for poorer households, and vehicle ownership increases with income, parking costs are regressive and unfair to many lower-income households that own fewer than average cars. Current parking standards are a ineffective mechanism for matching parking supply with demand because the number of vehicles per housing unit varies significantly between households and over time. Various parking management strategies can increase affordability, economic efficiency and equity.

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