"Jueus." . . "Islam." . . "Arabiska väldet" . . "Judaism Islamic Relations." . . "History." . . "HISTORY" . "Europa." . . "Europa" . "Evrei Istorie 70-1789." . . "Judíos s.15-16." . . "Upptäcktsresor historia 1500-talet." . . "Juden." . . "Jewish-Islamic Relations." . . "Jews." . . "Comparative Religions." . . "Iberisch schiereiland." . . "Imperiul Islamic" . . "Europa Expansiune teritorială." . . "Europe - Expansion territoriale." . . "Europe - Histoire - 15e siècle." . . "Espagne" . . "Geschichte 70-1789." . . "Christentum." . . "Judaism." . . "Empire islamique" . . "Christentum Islam Geschichte." . . "Muslim." . . "1492-1517" . . "Judíos Historia 70-1789." . . "Juifs Histoire 70-1789." . . "Juifs - Histoire - 70-1789." . "Avrupa" . . "To 1789" . . "Europe" . . "Europe." . "70 - 1789" . . . . "Christen Juden Geschichte." . . "Electronic books." . . "Musulmanes s.15-16." . . "Midden-Oosten." . . "Grenade (Royaume)" . . "Civilisation Histoire." . . "Islamic Empire" . . "Islamic Empire." . "Islamic empire" . "Juden" . . "Juden." . . . "Cultures in conflict : christians, muslims, and jews in the age of discovery" . . . . . . . . . . . "Cultures in conflict : Christians, Muslims and Jews in the age of discovery" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "History" . "History"@tr . "History"@en . "Cultures in conflict : Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the age of discovery" . . "Cultures in conflict : Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the age of discovery"@en . "Cultures in conflict : Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the age of discovery"@es . . . . . . "Cultures in Conflict Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Age of Discovery"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Age o"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the age of discovery" . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Cultures in Conflict : Christians, Muslims and Jews in the age of discovery" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Electronic books"@en . . . "Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Age of Discovery"@en . . "Cultures in conflict Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the age of discovery" . "Hailed as \"the doyen of Middle Eastern studies\" in The New York Times Book Review, Bernard Lewis stands at the height of his field. \"To read Mr. Lewis,\" wrote Fouad Ajami in The Wall Street Journal, \"is to be taken through a treacherous terrain by the coolest and most reassuring of guides. You are in the hands of the Islamic world's foremost living historian.\" Now this sure-handed guide takes us through treacherous terrain indeed--the events of 1492, a year laden with epic events and riven by political debate. With elegance and erudition, Lewis explores that clima."@en . "Cultures in conflict Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the age of discovery"@en . . . . "With elegance and erudition, Lewis explores that climactic year of 1492 as a clash of civilizations - a clash not only of the New World and the Old but also of Christendom, Islam, and the Jews. In the same year that Columbus set sail across the Atlantic, he reminds us, the Spanish monarchs captured Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the peninsula, and also expelled the Jews. Lewis uses these three epochal events to explore the nature of the expansion of Europe, placing the voyages of discovery in a striking new context. He traces Christian Europe's path from primitive backwater on the edges of the vast cosmopolitan Caliphate, through the heightening rivalry of Christianity and Islam, to the triumph of the West, examining the factors behind their changing fortunes. That contest long remained more important in many Christians minds than the New World: as late as 1683, Vienna almost fell to the Ottoman armies. Lewis also reflects on changing qualities in European and Islamic cultures and the place of the Jews in both. The Jews who fled Spain found a receptive environment in Turkey; but the balance of tolerance and openness to innovation steadily shifted west. The voyages of discovery were themselves a part of the Christian-Muslim conflict, he writes, an attempt to outflank the Islamic world. The European explorers sailed into a world they scarcely understood; and yet they imposed their own perceptions of geography on the lands they conquered. Africa, Asia, the Middle and Far East, the Old and New Worlds - as intellectual concepts, all are European creations, Lewis observes; ironically, these same definitions have been accepted by even the most anti-Western activists." . "With elegance and erudition, Lewis explores that climactic year of 1492 as a clash of civilizations - a clash not only of the New World and the Old but also of Christendom, Islam, and the Jews. In the same year that Columbus set sail across the Atlantic, he reminds us, the Spanish monarchs captured Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the peninsula, and also expelled the Jews. Lewis uses these three epochal events to explore the nature of the expansion of Europe, placing the voyages of discovery in a striking new context. He traces Christian Europe's path from primitive backwater on the edges of the vast cosmopolitan Caliphate, through the heightening rivalry of Christianity and Islam, to the triumph of the West, examining the factors behind their changing fortunes. That contest long remained more important in many Christians minds than the New World: as late as 1683, Vienna almost fell to the Ottoman armies. Lewis also reflects on changing qualities in European and Islamic cultures and the place of the Jews in both. The Jews who fled Spain found a receptive environment in Turkey; but the balance of tolerance and openness to innovation steadily shifted west. The voyages of discovery were themselves a part of the Christian-Muslim conflict, he writes, an attempt to outflank the Islamic world. The European explorers sailed into a world they scarcely understood; and yet they imposed their own perceptions of geography on the lands they conquered. Africa, Asia, the Middle and Far East, the Old and New Worlds - as intellectual concepts, all are European creations, Lewis observes; ironically, these same definitions have been accepted by even the most anti-Western activists."@en . . "Çatışan kültürler : keşifler çağında Hıristiyanlar, Müslümanlar, Yahudiler" . "Çatışan kültürler : keşifler çağında Hıristiyanlar, Müslümanlar, Yahudiler"@tr . . . . . "Çatışan kültürler keşifler çağında Hıristiyanlar, Müslümanlar, Yahudiler" . "Yahudiler Tarih 70-1789." . . "Musulmans." . . "Empire islamique - Histoire - 1258-1517." . . "Amerika." . . "İslam İmparatorluğu" . . "Territorial expansion." . . "Découvertes géographiques." . . "Moslims." . . "Jews History 70-1789." . . "Christianity." . . "Europe History 1492-1517." . . "Islam Juden Geschichte." . . "Territoriale Expansion Europa." . . "Islam Christentum Geschichte." . . "Cultuurconflicten." . . "chrétien Juif musulman Europe 13e s. (fin) / 17e s. (fin)" . . "Joden." . . "Imperi Islàmic." . . "Kulturkonflikt." . . "Europe - Histoire - 1492-1517." . . "Christenen." . . "Geschichte 1492-1789" . . "Geschichte 1492-1789." . "Amérique" . . "Islamieten." . . "Judar historia." . . "Judaism Christian Relations." . . "Christianity Jewish relations." . . "HISTORY Renaissance." . . "Juifs 70-1789." . . "1492-1600" . . "Geschichte." . . "1492-1517." . . "Arabiska väldet." . . "Imperio Islámico" . . "Imperio islámico" .