Monitoring Bombers and Cruise Missiles for the Purposes of Arms Control

"This paper discusses the extent to which bomber/cruise missile characteristics and activities can be monitored by national technical means (NTM). Particular attention is paid to those characteristics and activities relevant to arms control. National technical means--which refers to various technical means by which monitoring data can be gathered, usually involving satellite reconnaissance--are not the sole means for monitoring, though they may be the most dependable. This paper discusses the confidence one might have in monitoring bombers and cruise missiles."@en
""This paper discusses the extent to which bomber/cruise missile characteristics and activities can be monitored by national technical means. Monitoring, which involves detection, identification, and measurement, should be distinguished from verification, which involves judging treaty compliance. The author concludes that aircraft that can perform bombing missions can be identified with moderate confidence at best. Cruise missiles can be monitored with moderate levels of confidence only if no deliberate effort is made to conceal them. Although monitoring bomber/cruise missile characteristics with high confidence is difficult, this does not necessarily imply that arms control agreements involving these systems cannot be adequately verified."--Rand abstracts."@en