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Geothermal down-well instrumentation. Final report

The Maricopa County Geothermal Development Plan evaluated the market potential for utilizing geothermal energy. The study identified six potential geothermal resource areas with temperatures less than 100°C (212°F) and in addition, four suspected intermediate temperature areas (90° to 150°C, 194° to 300°F). Geothermal resources are found to occur in and near the Phoenix metropolitan area where average population growth rates of two to three percent per year are expected over the next 40 years. Rapid growth in the manufacturing, trade and service sectors of the regional economy provides opportunities for the direct utilization of geothermal energy. A regional energy use analysis is included containing energy use and price projections. Water supplies are found to be adequate to support this growth, though agricultural water use is expected to diminish. The study also contains a detailed section matching geothermal resources to potential users. Two comparative analyses providing economic details for space heating projects are incorporated.

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  • "The Maricopa County Geothermal Development Plan evaluated the market potential for utilizing geothermal energy. The study identified six potential geothermal resource areas with temperatures less than 100°C (212°F) and in addition, four suspected intermediate temperature areas (90° to 150°C, 194° to 300°F). Geothermal resources are found to occur in and near the Phoenix metropolitan area where average population growth rates of two to three percent per year are expected over the next 40 years. Rapid growth in the manufacturing, trade and service sectors of the regional economy provides opportunities for the direct utilization of geothermal energy. A regional energy use analysis is included containing energy use and price projections. Water supplies are found to be adequate to support this growth, though agricultural water use is expected to diminish. The study also contains a detailed section matching geothermal resources to potential users. Two comparative analyses providing economic details for space heating projects are incorporated."@en
  • "This report provides a preliminary engineering and economic assessment of five direct use projects using low and moderate temperature geothermal resources. Each project site and end-use application was selected because each has a high potential for successful, near-term (2 to 5 years) commercial development. The report also includes an extensive bibliography, and reference and contact lists. The five projects are: Wendel Agricultural Complex, East Mesa Livestock Complex, East Mesa Vegetable Dehydration Facility, Calapatria Heating District and Bridgeport Heating District. The projects involve actual investors, resource owners, and operators with varying financial commitments for project development. For each project, an implementation plan is defined which identifies major barriers to development and methods to overcome them. All projects were determined to be potentially feasible. Three of the projects cascade heat from a small-scale electric generator to direct use applications. Small-scale electric generation technology (especially in the 0.5 to 3 MW range) has recently evolved to such a degree as to warrant serious consideration. These systems provide a year-round heating load and substantially improve the economic feasibility of most direct use energy projects using geothermal resources above 200°F."@en
  • "A literature search on reservoir and/or well stimulation techniques suitable for application in geothermal fields is presented. The literature on stimulation techniques in oil and gas field applications was also searched and evaluated as to its relevancy to geothermal operations. The equivalent low-temperature work documented in the open literature is cited, and an attempt is made to evaluate the relevance of this information as far as high-temperature stimulation work is concerned. Clays play an important role in any stimulation work. Therefore, special emphasis has been placed on clay behavior anticipated in geothermal operations. (MHR)."
  • "Work to develop a telemetry link between a Sperry downwell geothermal turbo-pump and the well-head, without the requirement for cables within the pipe-string, is described. Two methods were studied, built, and tested in a well at Heber, California, during the first field tests on the pump. These were: (a) an acoustic scheme which transmitted a modulated 4 kHz acoustic carrier on the pipe-string and (b) an electromagnetic scheme which used the exhaust steam pipe annulus as a coaxial transmission line operating at 100 MHz. After some problems with the small alternator powering the electronics, acoustic signals from downwell were received on November 13, 1976, which showed that the pipe-string could form a channel with about 21 dB insertion loss over 900 feet. Although surface tests had showed that low loss electromagnetic transmission should also have been possible, no signals were received, probably because of low pump speed giving low power-supply voltage. Acoustic transmission is the more practical to install, and it was concluded that this technique does provide a convenient method for transmission of downwell pump conditions to the well-head. Future development work on the geothermal pump will include provision for this telemetry channel."@en
  • "A synopsis of the geologic conditions along the Balcones/Ouachita trend is presented. The problems in defining low-temperature resources and in recognizing anomalies are addressed. Local geologic and hydrologic conditions are assayed in terms of ambient thermal regimes, and hypotheses are presented for the origin of thermal waters."@en

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  • "Geothermal Reservoir Well Stimulation Program technology transfer"
  • "Geothermal down-well instrumentation. Final report"@en
  • "Geothermal potential along the Balcones ongoing assessment and selected case studies"@en
  • "Geothermal energy opportunities for California commerce. Final report"@en
  • "Geothermal development plan Maricopa County"@en