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The expanding concept of health education in the general hospital

There appears to be unlimited opportunity for the health educator to specialize in particular areas which are of special concern to the hospital he serves. One such area is that of rehabilitation counselling. In this specialty area which may be encompassed by the broad sphere of health education there are new opportunities developing to fill unmet patient needs. The health educator who serves in this area may assume close identity with the individual patient and his family. He works together with the other members of the hospital team to assist with the coordination of all activities concerning the patient's personal, educational, financial, or vocational concern. He acts as a counsellor and seeks to bring the patient to re-adjustment based on conditions of reality within the best recourse available for each patient. He must work cooperatively with psychologists and medical social workers where these professionals are engaged on the hospital staff.

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  • "There appears to be unlimited opportunity for the health educator to specialize in particular areas which are of special concern to the hospital he serves. One such area is that of rehabilitation counselling. In this specialty area which may be encompassed by the broad sphere of health education there are new opportunities developing to fill unmet patient needs. The health educator who serves in this area may assume close identity with the individual patient and his family. He works together with the other members of the hospital team to assist with the coordination of all activities concerning the patient's personal, educational, financial, or vocational concern. He acts as a counsellor and seeks to bring the patient to re-adjustment based on conditions of reality within the best recourse available for each patient. He must work cooperatively with psychologists and medical social workers where these professionals are engaged on the hospital staff."@en
  • "CHAPTER V."@en
  • "Advancements in patient care have brought refinements which have contributed to patient comfort while providing a more pleasant setting for care to be rendered. Improved equipment has given mobility and flexibility to patients in general including those with severe physical handicaps. Drug therapy has allowed fewer injections with the same long acting effects as previously gained through frequent injections. Diet therapy has made the most rigorous diet regimens durable and pleasant in some instances. Prompt physical and occupational therapy has reduced the numbers of patients with severe irreparable muscularture contractures. The use of adapted equipment has compensated for loss of normal function."@en
  • "The shortage of trained specialists in health education in the hospital field demands utilization of the best qualified professional persons who may fill unmet needs in this area. In all cases the aims of health coincide with total patient service objectives."@en
  • "Comprehensive patient care planning requires that attention be directed to emotional and spiritual demands and needs of patients and members of their family unit as well as to the physical needs of the patients. The customary focus of attention directed to the improvement of the physical well being of the patient demands broader consideration. A treatment approach focused exclusively on sickness is self limiting. Those serving patients may well adopt a broader orientation to include positive steps in support of health precepts characteristic to preventive medicine."@en
  • "The period of hospitalization in the short term general hospital is normally a week in duration. The patient may stay a month to several years in the long term general hospital. Patients discharged after a short term hospital admission will generally experience complete cure or symptomatic relief which allows for the resumption of normal routine activities. Many patients discharged from the long term hospital will have post-discharge conditions which require further attention in the home or other treatment center. Frequently the patient will have some degree of handicap from his illness which although manageable will limit his normal activities."@en
  • "Health instruction would be an important responsibility of the health educator. This instruction has significance to all hospital departments. The health educator serving as educational coordinator must possess qualities of personal maturity, tact, and above all an ability to work well with all types of people. Success in rendering effective service to the hospital and the patients it serves may well be gauged by the frustration tolerance which may be demonstrated by the health educator. Guide lines to responsibility and the scope of authority for the position may not always be applied as clearly in practice as they may be demonstrated on a systematic chart of hospital organization."@en
  • "Hospitals have broadened educational affiliations to blend more effectively academic education with clinical training in the hospital setting. They have directed greater concentration on education and training for all personnel so that improvements are being effected in a wide area of skills and specialty fields employed in the hospital. As a result professional standards and educational requirements for entrance employment in many hospital positions have risen."@en
  • "Further assistance may be rendered through evaluation by the educational coordinator of the effectiveness of the teaching methods employed. Through time savings which may be effected in this area more direct professional care may be made available to patients. The time savings might also allow for the expansion of teaching programs without the need for additional instructors. Additional savings could be made by the consolidation of inter-departmental teaching responsibilities."@en
  • "The complexity of hospital organization and management requires the practice of human relations on a high plane to foster harmonious relationships between individuals and hospital inter-departmental functions. The motivation of personnel to meet their full obligations to patients in the performance of their duties is facilitated through the satisfaction of the personal desires of hospital personnel for continuing opportunity for self development and advancement. There is greater recognition of the belief that those who render some of the highest forms of humanitarian service in hospitals should be adequately compensated so that they may be freed from economic pressure and devote their full effort toward service to patients on the highest levels attainable."@en
  • "The academic education of the rehabilitation counsellor should be on a graduate level. It should include orientation to the problems of patients with physical disability as well as the problems of mental impairment of patients. Educational guidance, principles of applied psychology, familiarity with psychological testing and pre-vocational testing procedures and a strong emphasis on vocational counselling are also desired in the academic curriculum. Institutional training calculated to provide an intensive orientation to the hospital and related community agencies should be undertaken in selected hospitals and other community agencies which may offer meaningful experience to the student in residency."@en
  • "Health education in the hospital is at an infant stage of development. Professional workers in hospitals have generally not been exposed to the full potentials for health education which exist in every hospital. The concepts of health education do not conflict with other professional goals directed to aiding the hospital patient. Most of the personnel in the hospital should make some contribution to health education within the framework of their job responsibilities. This objective has practical application when it is recognized that health education is concerned with all effort directed toward the improvement of health and the lessening of all influences which tend to retard the highest level of health potential for the individual patient. Research is being conducted at Highland View Hospital in Cleveland in such areas as the study of individual patient needs; an evaluation of the vocational potentials of severely disabled patients, and a study of the social psychological factors related to individual patients needs. It is hoped that the findings of these research projects among many others being conducted in hospitals will give helpful information which may be used in part to further develop principles for the successful application of health education in the general hospital."@en
  • "The modern hospital seems to be developing a broad service spectrum which may allow it to exercise a predominant influence in all health matters. This transition stems from an era of limited and ineffectual service of the past and the encouraging present which reflects the remarkable advances of recent decades. These advances have led to the widespread acceptance of the hospital and its services by the public. The widened scope of hospital services is a strong potential force for developing constructive health practices for all the population."@en
  • "The educational and experience requirements of the hospital health educator will vary with the distinctive functions he must perform in the hospital he serves. Graduate training in health education seems to be an important background requirement for the health educator who wishes to gain acceptance on a level with other professional health workers on the hospital staff. Field training in a hospital and other community health and social welfare agencies would constitute a mandatory educational experience."@en
  • "The specialized training of health professionals has a tendency towards narrowing the perspectives and sphere of interest of the specialist so that consideration of the needs of the patient may be confined exclusively within the area of special interest. Continuous attention to the comprehensive needs of patients during the period of formal education and training of health specialists will allow them to apply their skills more effectively and develop more meaningful rapport with patients."@en
  • "There are obstacles to the full effectiveness of health teaching in the hospital. All too frequently the physician, nurse or other hospital staff person becomes engrossed in carrying out procedures and meeting requirements of hospital routines so that attention must be directed to meeting only the most demanding needs of the patient. There is only limited time for fostering of the therapist-patient relationship and even less time for any meaningful relationships of the therapist and members of the patient's family unit. An end result is the patient is not fully aware of the nature of his problem or the anticipated course of events which will lead to recovery and discharge from the hospital."@en
  • "A low level of intelligence of some patients hampers their ability to recognize the need for cooperative effort in some dimensions of the treatment program. Hospital staff members may serve more effectively when they have mastered techniques which may allow them to communicate with individuals on all levels of intelligence. Professional jargon is meaningless if it fails to constructively influence desired action in the recipient. The myth believed by some that it is unprofessional to talk below the customary professional level of the staff member appears to be nothing but rationalization."@en
  • "Hospitals provided limited treatment in the past. They now employ more specialized techniques and render intensive diagnostic and treatment services to a degree never before possible. As a result rapid progress has been made and there are continuous achievements being experienced. The accelerating increase in scientific and technological improvements has led to new horizons in patient care limited only by the imagination of man and the contemporary development of his knowledge."@en
  • "The role of the junior health educator on the hospital staff may be fulfilled by an undergraduate major in health education who is employed to carry out selected portions of the health education program such as preparation of exhibits and health demonstration materials. The junior staff member may be utilized in a limited capacity in development of public education programs and to assist the senior health educator in conducting research studies, in preparing health information for distribution to patients, relatives or staff members, and in preparation of questionnaires and work in hospital or community surveys."@en
  • "Increasing specialization of hospital personnel has led to the compartmentalization of patient care to the extent that the patient is frequently approached by individuals who are unfamiliar to him. These individuals assume a limited responsibility to the patient as governed by the limitations of their specialized function as a member of the hospital staff. There are no doubt many sound reasons for specialization. Important life saving techniques and procedures could not be employed without individuals with the knowledge and skills to be highly competent in the exacting requirements of their specialty. Reports from the medical colleges of the nation indicate continuing trends for further specialization by graduate physicians in spite of intensive campaigns to attract general practioners. The trend in most of the departments in the general hospital seems to be towards greater specialization in every area of endeavor."@en
  • "SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS."@en
  • "Hospital education and training programs directed to personnel have been traditionally conducted on a decentralized basis with each specialty, or professional or technical group assuming responsibility for the in-service training or education conducted for its own group. In many instances there is considerable duplication in the material presented to various groups having related interests so that the key personnel responsible for the instruction are used inefficiently. The educational coordinator may serve a useful purpose in studying areas in which duplication may be eliminated through combining of similar classes."@en
  • "Insofar as there are no two identical hospitals it is unlikely that the organization and service responsibilities of a health education department would completely coincide in different hospitals. In any event the nature of health education demands that individual patient needs be considered in all circumstances."@en
  • "The progressive hospital which realizes its broader community responsibilities will find it advantageous to employ a health educator to assist in the development of the hospital program and to relate the objectives of the hospital to the needs of the community. There is a need for developing hospital training affiliations for health educators so that they may gain an intimate knowledge of the dynamics of hospital operation in order to cope with the unique problems of the hospital in its relation to patients, their relatives, other hospital personnel and the community. The health educator in the hospital may serve to meet varying educational needs of the hospital. He may function as a staff adviser as educational coordinator. In this capacity he would advise department heads and supervisors on educational methodology and techniques which may be employed in routine patient inter-relationships where health instruction is offered. Basic concepts of learning and motivation would be appropriately presented by the health educator for group consideration by members of the staff. Consultation on individual problems of patient health education would be made available to all staff members."@en
  • "There is a need for further developmental research in the area of health teaching of the public so that they may have a more constructive estimation of the role which they may assume in event hospitalization is required. Encouraging results have been experienced in the education of the public concerning hospital services through the conduct of tours of the hospital, through hospital publicity and exhibits and the dissemination of information concerning hospital activities by means of radio, television, newspapers and magazines. Community forums and general lectures presented by hospital personnel to interested community groups are also means through which the public may gain insight into matters of health and hospital operation."@en
  • "Creative perspectives are needed in hospital educational activities so that traditional decentralization of such functions may gain reassessment and attention may be given to elimination of duplication, the more effective utilization of personnel and direction of approach geared to broader viewpoints. The necessity for specific detailed learning should not serve as a restriction but rather as a complement to comprehensive teaching and the benefits which may accrue as a result."@en
  • "Motivation for patient cooperation with rigid or unpleasant features of the treatment program is likely to be lacking. Such circumstances promote a predisposition to greater patient dependency with resultant loss of further independence of the patient as an individual so that normal apprehension of the patient is intensified. Resultant emotions of fear and insecurity impair mental health and serve as a disruptive influence in the treatment program."@en
  • "The broad definition of health education as the sum total of change for the better which results in the health of either the patient or his relatives or both, as a result of health education activities, presents an important challenge for further progress in hospitals. It may be one of the most important challenges hospitals will face in the twentieth century."@en
  • "Direct teaching service to individual patients or groups of patients could be made available on a consultation basis for physicians, nurses and others on the hospital health team. Attention might also be directed to other areas in which assistance with educational problems may be desired."@en
  • "The basis for a formal health education program exists in all hospitals because of the inherent concern of hospitals for health as well as the elimination of disease and reduction of disability. The creation of a health education department in a hospital might occur as a result of the interest and recommendation of members of one or more professional groups within the hospital for such services. A health education department may also be created through the initiative of the hospital administrator in consultation with representatives of the hospital medical staff and other key department heads. The governing board of the hospital may approve recommendations directly or appoint a special committee to review proposals received from the administrator for the creation of a department of health education or for the addition of staff personnel to specialize in health education activities in the hospital."@en
  • "Health education promises a pathway to even greater public support of hospitals than has been achieved. The possibility that concern may initially develop over how health education methods may be applied in a particular hospital setting is not so important as the need for sound planning to insure that they are applied for the benefit of patients directly, or indirectly through alleviation of mental stress of members of the individual patient's family unit."@en
  • "Medical, nursing and other forms of professional education for hospital skills must be re-examined so that more attention may be directed to the important areas which deal with the motivation of patients and their families. Research should be undertaken in every area to study potential needs and the means for meeting those needs and evaluating effectiveness of techniques. Staff development along functional lines in all areas will give greater assurance that utilization of maximum potentials for all personnel is being effected. Vigorous pursuit of the ideas which may lead to more effective attainment of hospital goals should be undertaken even when such proposals have no past or present in experience but will stand the test of logical application to meet existing needs."@en

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  • "The expanding concept of health education in the general hospital"@en
  • "The Expanding concept of health education in the general hospital"@en

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