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Chippewa families : a social study of White Earth Reservation, 1938

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  • ""The White Earth Indian Reservation (or Gaa-waabaabiganikaag (lit. "Where there is an abundance of white clay") in the Ojibwe language) is the home to the White Earth Band, located in northwestern Minnesota. It is the largest Indian reservation in that state by land area" ... "Community members often prefer to identify as Anishinaabe or Ojibwe (in their language) rather than Chippewa, a corruption of Ojibwe that came to be used by European settlers to refer to them" ... The reservation originally covered 1,300 square miles (3,400 km²). Much of the community's land was improperly sold or seized by outside interests, including the U.S. federal government, in the late 19th century and early 20th century. According to the Dawes Act of 1887, the communal land was to be allotted to individual households recorded in tribal rolls, for cultivation in subsistence farming. Under the act, the remainder was declared surplus and available for sale to non-Native Americans. The Nelson Act of 1889 was a corollary law that enabled the land to be divided and sold to non-Natives. In the latter half of the 20th century, the federal government arranged for the transfer of state and county land to the reservation in compensation for other property that had been lost."--Wikiped., April 2014."
  • "During the summer and fall of 1938 Mary Inez Hilger, a sister of the Order of St. Benedict, lived on the White Earth Indian Reservation in northwestern Minnesota while she gathered data about housing conditions. Her work portrays both the traditional lifeways of 150 Chippewa families and the adaptations they made at a time of tremendous cultural change. In a series of interviews, she collected personal stories and a wealth of material about living conditions, social life, and material culture on the reservation. Her research, commissioned by the Bureau of Indian Affairs as part of a survey of the Chippewa reservations in Minnesota, became the basis for her dissertation in social science, first published in 1939."

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  • "Chippewa families : a social study of White Earth Reservation, 1938"
  • "Chippewa families : a social study of White Earth Reservation, 1938"@en

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