"Noirs américains Associations 19e siècle." . . "African American press History 19th century." . . "African Americans Race identity History 19th century." . . "African American schools History 19th century." . . "African American churches History 19th century." . . "African American fraternal organizations History 19th century." . . "African Americans Social conditions 19th century." . . . . "Noirs américains Conditions sociales 19e siècle." . . "Schwarze." . . "SOCIAL SCIENCE Ethnic Studies African American Studies." . . "African Americans History 19th century." . . . . . . . "Electronic books"@en . . . . . . . . . "A Nation Within a Nation Organizing African-American Communities Before the Civil War"@en . . . . . . . "History" . "History"@en . . . . . . . . . . "John Ernest offers a comprehensive survey of the broad-ranging and influential African American organizations and networks formed in the North in the late eighteenth century through the end of the Civil War. He examines fraternal organizations, churches, conventions, mutual aid benefit and literary societies, educational organizations, newspapers, and magazines. Ernest argues these organizations demonstrate how African Americans self-definition was not solely determined by slavery as they tried to create organizations in the hope of creating a community.-publisher description." . . . . . "John Ernest offers a comprehensive survey of the broad-ranging and influential African American organizations and networks formed in the North in the late eighteenth century through the end of the Civil War. He examines fraternal organizations, churches, conventions, mutual aid benefit and literary societies, educational organizations, newspapers, and magazines. Ernest argues these organizations demonstrate how African Americans self-definition was not solely determined by slavery as they tried to createorganizations in the hope of creating a community."@en . "A nation within a nation organizing African-American communities before the Civil War"@en . . "A nation within a nation organizing African-American communities before the Civil War" . . . . . . "Electronic resource"@en . . . . . . . . . "A nation within a nation : organizing African-American communities before the Civil War" . . . . . . . . . . . . "Gemeinschaft." . . "Community organization United States History 19th century." . . "African Americans Societies, etc. History 19th century." . . "Electronic books." . . "African Americans Education History 19th century." . . "Noirs américains Identité collective 19e siècle." . . "Geschichte 1800-1900." . . "African Americans Congresses History 19th century." . . "Organisation communautaire États-Unis 19e siècle." . . "Églises noires américaines 19e siècle." . . "Community organization History 19th century United States." . . "USA." . .