"Kosmologia historia 12-17 w." . . "Cosmologie." . . "anno 1200-1799" . . "Kosmologia średniowieczna." . . "Astronomie." . . "Sterrenkunde." . . "Histoire 1200-1687." . . "Astronomie Histoire." . . "Astronomía Edad Media." . . "Història" . . "Astronomie Geschichte Neuzeit." . . "astronomie Europe 1200 / 1687." . . "Geschichte." . . "Hemelmechanica." . . "Planetas." . . "Cosmologie médiévale." . . "Astronomie Geschichte Mittelalter." . . "Astronomy." . . "1200-1687" . . "Kosmologie." . . "Astronomy history." . . "Astronomie médiévale." . . "Cosmologia medieval." . . "Cosmología medieval." . "cosmologie Europe 1200 / 1687." . . "Astronomia średniowieczna." . . "Illustration." . . . . "kosmologi (filosofi)" . . "Cosmologie Histoire." . . "Cosmologia" . . "Geschichte 1200-1687." . . "Geschichte 1200-1687" . "Astronomia" . . "Moyen Âge" . . "Kosmologie Geschichte Mittelalter." . . "Orbitas." . . "Planets, stars, and orbs the medieval cosmos, 1200-1687" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Planets, Stars, and Orbs : the medieval cosmos, 1200-1687" . "Planets, stars, and orbs" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Planets, stars, and orbs : the medieval cosmos : 1200-1687" . "Planets, stars, and orbs : the medieval cosmos 1200-1687" . . . . . . "Planets stars and orbs : the Medieval cosmos, 1200-1687"@it . . . "Planets, stars and orbs the medieval cosmos : 1200-1687" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Planets, stars, and orbs : the medieval cosmos, 1200-1687" . . "Planets, stars, and orbs : the medieval cosmos, 1200-1687"@en . . . . . . "Planets, stars & orbs" . . . "Planets, stars and orbs : the medieval cosmos, 1200-1687" . . . . . . . . . . . "Medieval cosmology was a fusion of pagan Greek ideas and biblical descriptions of the world, especially the creation account in Genesis. Because cosmology was based on discussions of the relevant works of Aristotle, primary responsibility for its study fell to scholastic theologians and natural philosophers in the universities of western Europe from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century. The present work describes the extraordinary range of themes, ideas, and arguments that constituted scholastic cosmology for approximately five hundred years from around 1200 to 1700. Primary emphasis is placed on the world as a whole, what might lie beyond it, and the celestial region, which extended from the Moon to the outermost convex surface of the cosmos. During the late Middle Ages (ca. 1200-1500), Aristotelian cosmology met little opposition or challenge. By the time rival interpretations appeared in the sixteenth century - for example, Platonism, atomism, Stoicism, Neoplatonism, Hermeticism, and especially Copernicanism - Aristotelian cosmology was firmly entrenched. By the seventeenth century, however, Copernican heliocentric cosmology and the geoheliocentric variant of it, proposed by Tycho Brahe, offered significant alternatives and thereby challenged medieval Aristotelian cosmology as never before. How scholastic natural philosophers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries responded to the new interpretations is an important aspect of this study." . . . "History" . "Astronomía Historia." . . "Kosmologie Geschichte Neuzeit." . . "1200-1687" . . "Estrellas." . . "Cosmology." . .