"Europa." . . "Europa" . "1690-1789" . . "Geschichte." . . "SOCIAL SCIENCE Freemasonry & Secret Societies." . . "Mouvement des Lumières." . . "Ilustración Europa s.XVIII." . . "Maçoneria Europa S. XVIII." . . "Aufklärung (Epoche) Politik." . . "Iluminism Sec. 18 Europa." . . "Freimaurer." . . "Politieke ideeën." . . "Freimaurer Geschichte 18. Jh." . . "Enlightenment." . . "Enlightenment" . "Enlightenment Europe." . . "Historia Europa s.XVIII." . . "Freemasons" . . "Freemasons." . "Siècle des lumières Europe." . . "1648 - 1799" . . "franc-maçonnerie politique Europe Lumières." . . "Europe." . . "Europe" . "Història." . . "Massoneria Europa sec. 18." . . "Freimaurerei." . . "Freemasonry Political aspects." . . "Freemasonry Political aspects" . "Politics and government" . . "Vrijmetselarij." . . "S. XVIII" . . . . "Aufklärung." . . "Política." . . "Politik." . . "Freemasonry." . . "Geistesgeschichte Geschichte 18. Jh." . . "Illuminismo - Europa." . . "Social Science." . . "Francmasonerie Sec. 18 Europa." . . . . . . . . . . "Long recognized as more than the writings of a dozen or so philosophes, the Enlightenment created a new secular culture populated by the literate and the affluent. Enamoured of British institutions, Continental Europeans turned to the imported masonic lodges and found in them a new forum that was constitutionally constructed and logically egalitarian. Originating in the Middle Ages, when stone-masons joined together to preserve their professional secrets and to protect their wages, the English and Scottish lodges had by the eighteenth century discarded their guild origins and become an international phenomenon that gave men and eventually some women a place to vote, speak, discuss and debate. Margaret Jacob argues that the hundreds of masonic lodges founded in eighteenth-century Europe were among the most important enclaves in which modern civil society was formed. In France, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Britain men and women freemasons sought to create a moral and social order based upon reason and virtue, and dedicated to the principles of liberty and equality. A forum where philosophers met with men of commerce, government, and the professions, the masonic lodge created new forms of self-government in microcosm, complete with constitutions and laws, elections, and representatives. This is the first comprehensive history of Enlightenment freemasonry, from the roots of the society's political philosophy and evolution in seventeenth-century England and Scotland to the French Revolution. Based on never-before-used archival sources, it will appeal to anyone interested in the birth of modernity in Europe or in the cultural milieu of the European Enlightenment." . "Living the Enlightenment : freemasonry and politics in eighteenth-century Europe" . "Living the Enlightenment : freemasonry and politics in eighteenth-century Europe"@it . . . . . . . . . . . "Livres électroniques" . . . . . . . "Living the enlightenment : freemasonry and politics in eighteenth-century Europe" . . . . . . "History" . "History"@en . . . . . . . . "Living the enlightenment"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Electronic books"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Living the enlightenment freemasonry and politics in eighteenth-century Europe"@en . "Living the enlightenment freemasonry and politics in eighteenth-century Europe" . . . "This historical study of Enlightenment freemasonry traces the origins and development of the order, from the roots of its political philosophy in 17th-century England to the French Revolution."@en . . "Massoneria illuminata : politica e cultura nell'Europa del Settecento"@it . . . "Massoneria illuminata : politica e cultura nell'Europa del Settecento" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Freemasonry Political aspects Europe History 18th century." . . "Verlichting (cultuurgeschiedenis)" . . "Europa - Politica - 1648-1789." . . "West-Europa." . . "Maçoneria." . . "Franc-maçonnerie Europe 18e siècle." . . "Il·lustració Europa." . . "Il·lustració." . . "Masoneria Europa 18 w." . . "Masonería Europa s.XVIII." . . "Politiek." . . "Oświecenie Europa." . . "Englightenment." . . "Franc-maçonnerie Aspect politique Europe Histoire 18e siècle." . . "Massoneria - Europa - Storia - Sec.18." . .