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schema:name "Natural selection--Philosophy"@en .
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schema:description "8.1 The Transformation of the Levels-of-Selection Question -- 8.2 Genic versus Hierarchical Approaches to the Transitions -- 8.3 MLS1 versus MLS2 in Relation to Evolutionary Transitions -- 8.4 Michod on Fitness Decoupling and the Emergence of Individuality -- 8.5 Concluding Remarks."@en , "1. Natural Selection in the Abstract -- Introduction -- 1.1 Abstract Formulations of Darwinian Principles -- 1.2 Price's Equation -- 1.3 Interpretation of Price's Equation -- 1.4 Statistical versus Causal Decomposition -- 1.4.1 Random Drift and Causal Decomposition -- 1.5 Price's Equation and the Lewontin Conditions -- 2. Selection at Multiple Levels: Concepts and Methods -- Introduction -- 2.1 Hierarchical Organization -- 2.2 Selection at Multiple Levels: Key Concepts -- 2.2.1 Particle Characters and Collective Characters -- 2.2.2 Life Cycles -- 2.2.3 Particle Fitness and Collective Fitness -- 2.2.4 The Two Types of Multi-Level Selection -- 2.2.5 Particle Heritability and Collective Heritability -- 2.3 Price's Equation in a Hierarchical Setting."@en , "2.3.1 The Price Approach to MLS1 -- 2.3.2 Applications -- 2.3.3 Heritability in MLS1 Revisited -- 2.3.4 The Price Approach to MLS2 -- 3. Causality and Multi-Level Selection -- Introduction -- 3.1 Causes, Correlations, and Cross-Level By-Products -- 3.2 Selection on Correlated Characters -- 3.3 Cross-Level By-Products in MLS1 -- 3.3.1 Contextual Analysis: Further Remarks -- 3.4 Contextual Analysis versus Price's Equation -- 3.5 Cross-Level By-Products in MLS2 -- 3.5.1 Particle. Collective By-Products -- 3.5.2 Collective. Particle By-Products -- 4. Philosophical Issues in the Levels-of-Selection Debate -- Introduction -- 4.1 Emergence and Additivity -- 4.1.1 The Emergent Character Requirement -- 4.1.2 Additivity and the Wimsatt/Lloyd Approach -- 4.1.3 Emergent Relations and the Damuth-Heisler Approach -- 4.2 Screening Off and the Levels of Selection -- 4.3 Realism versus Pluralism about the Levels of Selection -- 4.3.1 Pluralism and Causality -- 4.3.2 Pluralism and Hierarchical Organization -- 4.3.3 Pluralism and Multiple Representations -- 4.4 Reductionism -- 5. The Gene's-Eye View and its Discontents -- Introduction."@en , "5.1 The Origins of Gene's-Eye Thinking -- 5.2 Genic Selection and the Gene's-Eye View: Process versus Perspective -- 5.3 Outlaws and Genetic Conflicts -- 5.4 Price's Equation versus Contextual Analysis Revisited -- 5.5 Bookkeeping and Causality -- 5.5.1 The Limits of Genic Accounting -- 5.5.2 Sober and Lewontin's Heterosis Argument -- 5.6 Context-Dependence and the Gene's-Eye View -- 5.7 Reductionism and Pluralism Revisited -- 6. The Group Selection Controversy -- Introduction -- 6.1 Origins of the Group Selection Controversy -- 6.2 Group Selection and the MLS1/MLS2 Distinction -- 6.3 Kin Selection, Reciprocal Altruism, and Evolutionary -- Game Theory -- 6.4 Maynard Smith versus Sober and Wilson on Group -- Heritability -- 6.5 The Averaging Fallacy -- 6.6 Random versus Assortative Grouping, Strong versus Weak Altruism -- 6.7 Contextual Analysis versus the Neighbour Approach -- 7. Species Selection, Clade Selection, and Macroevolution -- Introduction -- 7.1 Origins of Species Selection -- 7.2 Genuine Species Selection versus 'Causation from Below' -- 7.3 Species versus Avatars: Damuth's Challenge -- 7.4 The Concept of Clade Selection -- 8. Levels of Selection and the Major Evolutionary Transitions -- Introduction."@en ;
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schema:name "Samir Okasha" .
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schema:reviewBody "\"Does natural selection act primarily on individual organisms, on groups, on genes, or on whole species? Samir Okasha provides a comprehensive analysis of the debate in evolutionary biology over the levels of selection, focusing on conceptual, philosophical, and foundational questions. A systematic framework is developed for thinking about natural selection acting at multiple levels of the biological hierarchy; the framework is then used to help resolve outstanding issues.\"--BOOK JACKET." .
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