. . "2011" . . "Phylogenetics : Theory and Practice of Phylogenetic Systematics."@en . . . "en" . . . . "Electronic resource"@en . . . "741259265" . . "Cover13; -- Contents -- Preface To The Second Edition -- Preface To The First Edition -- 1: Introduction -- Phylogenetic Propositions -- Topics Covered -- Terms And Concepts -- Disciplines -- Organisms and Grouping of Organisms -- Phylogenetic History and Evolution -- Attributes of Organisms -- Classification -- Philosophy And Systematics -- The Form of Phylogenetic Hypotheses -- Chapter Summary -- 2: Species And Speciation -- What Is It To Be A Species? -- Species As Kinds -- Species As Sets -- Species As Individuals -- Species Concepts -- Process-Based Concepts -- The Evolutionary Species Concept -- Process-Based Concepts Emphasizing Reproductive Isolation -- Phylogenetic Species Concepts -- Some Additional Species Concepts -- Sorting Through Species Concepts -- Speciation: Modes And Patterns -- Allopartic Speciation -- Parapatric Speciation -- Sympatric Speciation -- Identifying Modes Of Speciation In The Fossil Record -- The Evolutionary Species Concept, Speciation, And Ecology -- Empirical Methods For Determining Species Limits -- Nontree-Based Methods -- Tree-Based Methods -- Chapter Summary -- 3: Supraspecific Taxa -- Concepts Of Naturalness And Supraspecific Taxa -- The Natural Taxon -- Monophyly, Paraphyly And Polyphyly -- HennigS Concepts Placed In History -- Natural Higher Taxa As Monophyletic Groups Sensu Hennig (1966) -- Logical Consistency: The Hallmark Of Proposed Natural Classifications -- Paraphyletic Groups Misrepresent Character Evolution -- Paraphyly And Polyphyly: Two Forms Of Nonmonophyly -- Node-Based And Stem-Based Monophyly: Same Concept Different Graphs -- Chapter Summary -- 4: Tree Graphs -- Phylogenetic Trees -- Stem-Based Phylogenetic Trees -- Node-Based Phylogenetic Trees -- Cyclic Graphs -- Cladograms -- Nelson Trees in Phylogenetics -- From Nelson Trees to Phylogenetic Trees -- Gene Trees -- Individuals Versus Sets Of Individuals Used In An Analysis -- Representing Character Evolution On Trees -- Unrooted Trees And Their Relationship To Phylogenetic Trees -- Node Rotation -- Other Kinds Of Tree Terminology -- Concepts Of Monophyly And Trees -- Chapter Summary -- 5: Characters And Homology -- A Concept Of Character -- Character States As Properties -- Shared Character States -- Historical Character States As Properties -- Ahistorical Kind Properties -- Historical Groups And Natural Kinds -- Homology -- Haszprunars Homology Synthesis -- Concepts of Homology in Systematics -- Phylogenetic Characters and Phylogenetic Homology: An Overview -- Taxic Homologies As Properties of Monophyletic Groups -- Transformational Homology: Linking Different Hypotheses of Qualitative Identity in a Transformation Series -- Discovering And Testing Homology -- Pattersons Tests -- Similarity and Remanes Criteria -- Conjunction -- Phylogenetic Homology (Forging Congruence Between Hennigs and Pattersons Views) -- Avoiding Circularity: How Congruence Works -- Working With Characters &"@en . . "2011" . "741259265" . . . . "Wiley, E.O." . . . . "2017-07-08" . . . "Lieberman" . "Bruce S." . "Bruce S. Lieberman" . . "Wiley-Blackwell" .